Penulis: Enjang Akmad Juanda; Nurul Fahmi Arief Hakim; Moechammad Sarosa; Dede Irawan Saputra; Silmi Ath Thahirah Al Azhima; Mariya Al Qibtiya;

Nama Jurnal: International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)

Tahun: 2024

Volume: 15

Issue: 3

Halaman: 1767~1776

Deskripsi: This article reveals the conceptualization and implementation of energy harvesting system that utilize piezoelectric arrays within environments marked by elevated ambient noise levels. The selected methodology involves conducting an empirical study where the system is introduced into a room with pronounced ambient noise. A series configuration is adopted for assembling the piezoelectric sensors. For this particular experiment, 36 piezoelectric sensor units were arranged, each equipped with a voltage doubler circuit, aiming to harness a specific micropower energy threshold. The experimental results validate the successful development of an energy harvesting mechanism employing a piezoelectric array within a noisy setting. Notably, the device functions optimally at a frequency of 250 Hz. Additionally, a series of controlled experimental tests were executed at a sound level of 95.8 dBA to assess the efficacy of the piezoelectric array. Measurements taken at the voltage doubler output reveal that the device achieves its peak output signal at 3.32 Vpp and 50.42 Hz. The maximum attainable direct current (DC) voltage stands at 1 Volt, complemented by a current of 0.45 mA.

Pendahuluan: Energyharvesting, commonly referred to as energy scavenging or power harvesting, is an innovative approach togenerate usable energy by utilizing the existing sources present in the surrounding environment [1]. The process involves harnessing various forms of naturally occurring energy, such as sunshine[2], [3],radio frequency (RF) signals[4], [5], mechanical vibrations[6], [7], thermal gradients[8], [9]and usually converting them into electrical energy for a wide range of applications[10]. The concept outlined above has received considerable attention in recent years because ofits ability to provide sustainable and self-sustaining power solutions for a wide range of devices and systems.Theenergy harvesting technique is a technological methodology that enables the generation of electrical power by obtaining small amounts of energy from one or more nearby energy sources[11]. In order to mitigate the concern around the dependence on traditional energy sources derived from fossil fuels, the implementation of energy harvesting techniques may offer a viable and ecologically sustainable substitute in the shape of renewable energy[12]. Energy harvesting operates on the fundamental principle of converting extremely minute quantities of unused energy into usable electrical energy that can then be stored and utilized to power electronic devices[13]. This technique exhibits potential in situations where conventional power sources, such as electrical outlets or batteries, are impracticable, cumbersome, or unsustainable over an extended period of time. Energy harvesting systems are anticipated to offersignificant benefits not just in remote areas but also in numerous industrial sectors, wearable electronics, and internet of things (IoT) devices[14].Energy harvesting systems typically consist of three main components: energy transducersor sensors, power management circuits, and energy storage devices[15]. Energy transducers, such as solar panels, piezoelectric materials, thermoelectric generators, and electromagnetic coils, are employed to collect and convert ambient energy into electrical energy. Power management circuits play a crucial role in the control and enhancement of harvested energy to effectively cater to the unique demands of the intended devices. Moreover, energy storage components such as supercapacitors or batteries are employed to store any excess energy for subsequent utilization in scenarios when the acquired energy is insufficient or inaccessible[16]. Energy harvesting technology offers various advantages, such as reducing environmental impact, prolonging device lifespans, and lessening dependence on traditional power sources that might not be renewable or have restrictions[17]. Applying this technology shows potential in advancing self-sustaining systems, enhancing energy efficiency, and introducing new features in devices previously limited by power constraints[18]. Previous research[19]successfully developed a substation monitoring system. The installation expenses can be notably decreased by employing WSNand thisdevice utilizes an energy harvesting mechanism.The potential applications of energy harvestingtechnology are extensive, encompassing several areas such as supplying power to remote sensors and wireless sensor networks, enhancing the capabilities of wearable devices, and integrating energy harvesting into intelligent infrastructure.Sound energy, (concentration of this article)is a widely experienced and widespread form of energy. The allocation of acoustic energy is observed within a frequency spectrum that extends from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, namely in the form of audio frequencies. Certain geographical areas exhibit a conspicuous prevalence of auditory phenomena or things that emit sound, notably in sectors where industrial apparatus with high sound intensity is regularly utilized.Various energy harvesting techniques can be utilized to capture the abundant sound energy that exists in the natural world[20].Theevolution of materials and structures in the field of piezoelectric energy harvestingis done by [21]. It emphasizes the development of novel designs and materials to boost the effectiveness and efficiency of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems. Piezoelectric possesses the capacity to serve as a transducer, facilitating the conversion of sound energy into electrical energy. Piezoelectricity is a phenomenon that is distinguished by the production of an electric charge on the surface of a material when it is exposed to an externally applied force[22]. The extraction of piezoelectric energy is contingent upon the amplitude of the vibrating source and its resonance frequency. To attain the utmost potential output voltage, it is important for the piezoelectric material to undergo a vibration of increasedmagnitude, thereby nearing its resonant frequency.Piezoelectricity is frequently employed as a means of energy harvesting in many ways. One approach to harnessing energy from rainfall involves the application of energy harvesting methodologies. Piezoelectric materials demonstrate a pronounced response when exposed to the impact of precipitation, leading to the production of electrical energy. Previous studies have investigated the utilization of piezoelectric implementations as prospective energy harvesters in situations characterized by elevated levels of noise[23]. Moreover, there have been research efforts focused on exploring the potential of piezoelectric systems in the realm of vibration sensing and dynamic movement detection. Additionally, a separate study investigated the application of piezoelectricity for the purpose of extracting energy from the acoustic emissions produced by vehicles as they traverse roadways[24].Diverse structural configurations, including arrays and composites, and the use of various piezoelectric materials are investigated in an effort to optimize the conversion of mechanical vibrations into energy. The authors explain how these advancements have increased the overall functionality and applicability of piezoelectric energy harvesting technologies, thereby advancing the field in terms of research and application. Another experiment[25], [26]focuses on the development and evaluation of energy harvesting systems based on piezoelectric tube stacks in the context of railway environments. The study highlights the unique challenges and opportunities presented by vibrations from railroad operations. The authors describe the design considerations, including the arrangement and configuration of piezoelectric tubes, that are necessary for the efficient extraction of energy from mechanical vibrations caused by train motion. Through experimental evaluation, this paper quantifies the energy yield and efficiency of the proposed system, providing valuable insights into the practicability and effectiveness of piezoelectric tube stack energy harvesters for capturing energy from railway infrastructure.Sarkeret al. [27] provides an exhaustive analysis of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems and the application of optimization techniques to improve their performance. The article focuses on design, materials, and applications. The importance of optimization techniques is emphasized, along with the significance of enhancing energy conversion output and efficiency. This article examines how structural and parameter optimization improves the overall functionality of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems for a variety of applications.A notable contribution to the field lies in the experimental design and implementation of a piezoelectric array configuration tailored for enhanced energy harvesting from ambient noise, particularly from a winder machine's generated noise. This configuration leverages the piezoelectric array's capability to yield higher voltage levels, strategically positioned to optimize energy production. Integration with a voltage doubler circuit amplifies the generated signal, converting it into direct current (DC) voltage. Such innovations not only supportthe efficiency of energy harvesting systems but also position them as viable alternatives for powering low-energy electronic devices, marking a significant stride towards sustainable and eco-friendly energy solutions.

Kata Kunci: Energy harvesting; ESP32; Noise; Piezoelectric; Sensor

Total Kunjungan: 30 kali